{"id":3913,"date":"2018-04-19T14:21:31","date_gmt":"2018-04-19T19:21:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/?p=3913"},"modified":"2018-09-24T16:21:36","modified_gmt":"2018-09-24T21:21:36","slug":"unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/","title":{"rendered":"Unidad did\u00e1ctica 10: Atenci\u00f3n de enfermer\u00eda a pacientes con trastornos m\u00fasculo esquel\u00e9ticos"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>INTRODUCCI\u00d3N<\/h2>\n<p>Las patolog\u00edas musculoesquel\u00e9ticas normalmente afectan la espalda, cuello, hombros y extremidades superiores, aunque tambi\u00e9n pueden extenderse a las extremidades inferiores. Comprenden cualquier da\u00f1o o trastorno de las articulaciones y otros tejidos. Los trastornos de salud musculoesquel\u00e9ticos abarcan desde peque\u00f1as molestias y dolores a cuadros m\u00e9dicos graves que obligan a solicitar la baja laboral e incluso a recibir tratamiento m\u00e9dico de por vida que puede generar pensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9119\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/1_trastorno_muscu\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-001\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9119\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9119\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/1_trastorno_muscu\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-001\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9119\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg?resize=800%2C492&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg?w=1370&amp;ssl=1 1370w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg?resize=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg?resize=768%2C473&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/1_TRASTORNO_MUSCU.jpg?resize=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p>Imagen 1. trastornos de salud musculoesquel\u00e9ticos.<\/p>\n<h2>COMPETENCIA<\/h2>\n<p>Adquiere las habilidades para valorar a pacientes con problemas musculo esquel\u00e9ticos, as\u00ed como el desarrollo de procedimientos para ayudar al restablecimiento de su salud usando la metodolog\u00eda cient\u00edfica.<\/p>\n<h2>DESARROLLO<\/h2>\n<h3>10.1 Valoraci\u00f3n de enfermer\u00eda<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Historia del paciente<\/strong><br \/>\nDe gran importancia para identificar diagn\u00f3sticos. Deben incluirse datos demogr\u00e1ficos como:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>El sexo y la edad<\/li>\n<li>Enfermedades y accidentes previos.<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e1bitos alimenticios<\/li>\n<li>Ocupaci\u00f3n laboral<\/li>\n<li>Antecedentes culturales<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e1bitos deportivos<\/li>\n<li>Problemas de salud actuales<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Inspecci\u00f3n general<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Valoraci\u00f3n de la postura:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Puede ser erguida, encorvada, haber una ligera elevaci\u00f3n de un hombro sobre otro, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Al valorar la marcha, el paciente debe balancear los brazos por los lados del cuerpo y con estabilidad.<\/li>\n<li>Identificar si realiza con normalidad las actividades habituales como peinarse, vestirse, lavarse o tiene alg\u00fan impedimento.<\/li>\n<li>Evaluar la masa muscular, la cual debe ser sim\u00e9trica a ambos lados del cuerpo al igual que el tama\u00f1o, la forma y la fuerza; as\u00ed como la alineaci\u00f3n de columna ( en busca de cifosis o escoliosis).<\/li>\n<li>Inspeccionar de la piel y tejidos subcut\u00e1neos que rodean m\u00fasculos articulaciones, cart\u00edlagos y del tama\u00f1o de las extremidades en busca de deformidades, crecimientos \u00f3seos, alineaci\u00f3n, contornos y simetr\u00eda de longitud y posici\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li>Presencia de hipertrofias o atrofias, fasciculaciones y espasmos musculares.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Palpaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Se deben abarcar los huesos, articulaciones y los m\u00fasculos que lo rodean. En b\u00fasqueda de la presencia de zona calientes, dolorosas, tumefactas, o la presencia de crepitaci\u00f3n, ejerciendo presi\u00f3n sobre huesos y articulaciones.<\/li>\n<li>Valorar el tono muscular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Rango de movimientos<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Instruir al paciente para que mueva en toda su amplitud cada articulaci\u00f3n y grupo muscular.<\/li>\n<li>Anotar si hay dolor o limitaci\u00f3n de movimiento.<\/li>\n<li>Instruya al paciente para que se relaje y le permita llevar a cabo movilizaciones pasivas para detectar el tope de rango de movimientos.<\/li>\n<li>Comparar los rangos de movimientos con las articulaciones contralaterales.<\/li>\n<li>Utilizar un goni\u00f3metro cuando se detecta una alteraci\u00f3n para medir el \u00e1ngulo exactamente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Fuerza muscular<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Evaluar cada grupo muscular.<br \/>\nSostener la articulaci\u00f3n y pedirle al paciente que haga movimientos contra la resistencia.<br \/>\nLa fuerza debiera ser igual en ambos lados.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Columna cervical<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Inspeccionar el cuello del paciente, desde la posici\u00f3n anterior y posterior, valorando la alineaci\u00f3n y simetr\u00eda de pliegues.<\/li>\n<li>Palpar las ap\u00f3fisis espinosas y el tono de m\u00fasculos paravertebrales.<\/li>\n<li>Evaluar rango de movimientos del cuello: Flexi\u00f3n 45 \u00b0, hiperextensi\u00f3n 45 \u00b0, flexi\u00f3n lateral 40\u00b0, rotaci\u00f3n 70\u00b0<\/li>\n<li>Valorar fuerza de m\u00fasculos esternocleidomastoideo y trapecio pidi\u00e9ndole al paciente que levante los hombros en contra de la resistencia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Columna dorsal y lumbar<\/strong><br \/>\nNotar las curvaturas dorsal convexa y lumbar c\u00f3ncava.<br \/>\nLa ap\u00f3fisis espinosa debe estar en la l\u00ednea media.<br \/>\nPedir que realice los movimientos: flexi\u00f3n (tratando de tocar el piso con el dedo medio y medir distancia hasta el piso), hiperextensi\u00f3n, flexi\u00f3n lateral y rotaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9120\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/2_curvas_vertebras\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png?fit=1224%2C792&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,792\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-002\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png?fit=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png?fit=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9120\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"518\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9120\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/2_curvas_vertebras\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png?fit=1224%2C792&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,792\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-002\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png?fit=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png?fit=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9120\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png?resize=801%2C518&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png?resize=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png?resize=768%2C497&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/2_CURVAS_VERTEBRAS.png?resize=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">Imagen 2. Curvas normales de la columna dorsal.<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hombros<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Inspeccionar el contorno de los hombros<\/strong>, cintura escapular, clav\u00edculas y esc\u00e1pulas y m\u00fasculos y evaluar la capacidad para realizar movimientos como: elevaci\u00f3n de hombros, flexi\u00f3n, hiperextensi\u00f3n, abducci\u00f3n, rotaci\u00f3n interna y externa; as\u00ed como la fuerza muscular al elevar estos contra la resistencia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Palpar:<\/strong> articulaci\u00f3n esternoclavicular y acromioclavicular, esc\u00e1pulas, ap\u00f3fisis coracoides, troc\u00e1nter mayor del h\u00famero, surco de b\u00edceps y m\u00fasculos y realizar una comparaci\u00f3n sim\u00e9trica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Codos<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Inspeccione el contorno de codos, en flexi\u00f3n y extensi\u00f3n en busca de la presencia de n\u00f3dulos.<\/li>\n<li>Evaluar rangos de movimiento: flexi\u00f3n, extensi\u00f3n, supinaci\u00f3n, pronaci\u00f3n. Realizar resistencia contra flexi\u00f3n y extensi\u00f3n, recuerda que todo debe ser de forma sim\u00e9trica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Manos y mu\u00f1ecas<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Inspeccionar la cara dorsal y palmar de las manos, observando el contorno, posici\u00f3n, forma, n\u00famero e integridad de los dedos .<\/li>\n<li>Observar desviaci\u00f3n cubital, deformidades.<\/li>\n<li>Examinar el rango de movimientos , pedirle al paciente que doble los dedos hacia adelante, sobre la articulaci\u00f3n metacarpofal\u00e1ngica; tocar con el pulgar la punta de cada uno de los dedos; separar los dedos y ponerlos juntos; doblar la mano, por la mu\u00f1eca, arriba y abajo; movimientos radial y cubital.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9121\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/3_manos_y_mun%cc%83ecas\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN%CC%83ECAS.png?fit=1224%2C1248&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,1248\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-003\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN%CC%83ECAS.png?fit=294%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN%CC%83ECAS.png?fit=1004%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9121\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN\u0303ECAS.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"816\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9121\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/3_manos_y_mun%cc%83ecas\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN%CC%83ECAS.png?fit=1224%2C1248&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,1248\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-003\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN%CC%83ECAS.png?fit=294%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN%CC%83ECAS.png?fit=1004%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9121\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN%CC%83ECAS.png?resize=800%2C816&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"816\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN%CC%83ECAS.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN%CC%83ECAS.png?resize=294%2C300&amp;ssl=1 294w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN%CC%83ECAS.png?resize=768%2C783&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/3_MANOS_Y_MUN%CC%83ECAS.png?resize=1004%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1004w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Imagen 3. Manos y mu\u00f1ecas<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pida al paciente mantenga la mu\u00f1eca flexionada e hiperextendida, mientras se aplica fuerza de oposici\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cadera<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Inspeccionar la asimetr\u00eda en la altura de las crestas il\u00edacas, tama\u00f1o de nalgas o n\u00famero y situaci\u00f3n de pliegues gl\u00fateos.<\/li>\n<li>Evaluar los movimientos: extensi\u00f3n, flexi\u00f3n, abducci\u00f3n, aducci\u00f3n, rotaci\u00f3n externa e interna y valore la fuerza de los m\u00fasculos de cadera.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Rodillas<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Inspeccione las rodillas y huecos popl\u00edteos en posici\u00f3n de flexi\u00f3n y extensi\u00f3n, fij\u00e1ndose en: tuberosidad tibial, c\u00f3ndilos tibiales, epic\u00f3ndilos de f\u00e9mur, r\u00f3tula y la alineaci\u00f3n de las piernas.<\/li>\n<li>Examine rango de movimiento: flexi\u00f3n y extensi\u00f3n. Valore la fuerza muscular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pies y tobillos<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Inspeccione los pies y tobillos soportando peso. Si hay pie varo y valgus. Los puntos de referencia que deben tomarse son el mal\u00e9olo interno y externo, as\u00ed como el tend\u00f3n de aquiles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9128\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/10_valgo_varo\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png?fit=1224%2C792&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,792\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-004\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png?fit=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png?fit=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9128\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9128\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/10_valgo_varo\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png?fit=1224%2C792&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,792\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-004\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png?fit=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png?fit=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9128\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png?resize=800%2C518&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png?resize=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png?resize=768%2C497&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/10_VALGO_VARO.png?resize=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">Imagen 4. Pies y tobillos.<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Se requiere observar el arco del pie. Pie plano, pie cavo. Los dedos deben ser rectos y mirando hacia delante, planos y alineados uno con otro.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9122\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/4_curva-del-pie\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-005\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9122\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9122\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/4_curva-del-pie\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-005\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9122\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg?resize=800%2C492&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg?w=1370&amp;ssl=1 1370w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg?resize=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg?resize=768%2C473&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/4_CURVA-DEL-PIE.jpg?resize=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Imagen 5. Arco del pie.<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Se requiere observar el arco del pie. Pie plano, pie cavo. Los dedos deben ser rectos y mirando hacia delante, planos y alineados uno con otro. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Palpar el tend\u00f3n de aquiles y la superficie anterior del tobillo. Palpe cada una de las articulaciones metatarsofal\u00e1ngicas. Examinar el rango de movimientos en dorsiflexi\u00f3n, flexi\u00f3n plantar,eversi\u00f3n, inversi\u00f3n, abducci\u00f3n, aducci\u00f3n, adem\u00e1s fuerza y resistencia a movimientos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9123\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/5_tendon_de_aquiles\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO%CC%81N_DE_AQUILES.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-006\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO%CC%81N_DE_AQUILES.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO%CC%81N_DE_AQUILES.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9123\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO\u0301N_DE_AQUILES.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9123\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/5_tendon_de_aquiles\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO%CC%81N_DE_AQUILES.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-006\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO%CC%81N_DE_AQUILES.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO%CC%81N_DE_AQUILES.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9123\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO%CC%81N_DE_AQUILES.jpg?resize=800%2C492&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO%CC%81N_DE_AQUILES.jpg?w=1370&amp;ssl=1 1370w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO%CC%81N_DE_AQUILES.jpg?resize=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO%CC%81N_DE_AQUILES.jpg?resize=768%2C473&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/5_TENDO%CC%81N_DE_AQUILES.jpg?resize=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>Imagen 6. Tend\u00f3n de Aquiles.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>10.2 Estudios de laboratorio y gabinete<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Enzimas musculares CPK<\/strong><br \/>\nLa creatinfosfoquinasa (CPK) es una enzima que se encuentra en concentraciones elevadas en el tejido muscular tanto esquel\u00e9tico como cardiaco. Esta se divide en 3 isoenzimas: MM (principalmente la contiene el m\u00fasculo esquel\u00e9tico), MB (principalmente la contiene el m\u00fasculo cardiaco y BB contenida principalmente por el cerebro, sistema gastrointestinal y el aparato genitourinario.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resonancia magn\u00e9tica<\/strong><br \/>\nLa RMN emplea un campo magn\u00e9tico potente, pulsadas de radiofrecuencia y una computadora para crear im\u00e1genes detalladas de los \u00f3rganos, tejidos blandos, huesos, y pr\u00e1cticamente el resto de las estructuras internas del cuerpo. De esta forma, las im\u00e1genes pueden examinarse en el monitor de una computador, transmitirse electr\u00f3nicamente imprimirse o copiarse a un CD. La RMN no utiliza radiaciones ionizantes (rayos X).<\/p>\n<p>Nos sirve para detectar:<em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9144\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/19_resonancia-magnetica\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne%CC%81tica.png?fit=1224%2C876&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,876\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-007\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne%CC%81tica.png?fit=300%2C215&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne%CC%81tica.png?fit=1024%2C733&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9144\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne\u0301tica.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9144\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/19_resonancia-magnetica\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne%CC%81tica.png?fit=1224%2C876&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,876\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermer\u00eda-UNID10-AEPTME-007\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne%CC%81tica.png?fit=300%2C215&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne%CC%81tica.png?fit=1024%2C733&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9144\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne%CC%81tica.png?resize=800%2C573&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne%CC%81tica.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne%CC%81tica.png?resize=300%2C215&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne%CC%81tica.png?resize=768%2C550&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/19_resonancia-magne%CC%81tica.png?resize=1024%2C733&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript>Cuadro 1. Resonancia magn\u00e9tica<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Rayos X<\/strong><br \/>\nLas part\u00edculas de radiaci\u00f3n electromagn\u00e9tica son enviadas a trav\u00e9s del cuerpo, la imagen se registra en una computadora o en una pel\u00edcula. Te recuerdo que los rayos X ser\u00e1n bloqueados por las estructuras que son densas, como los huesos, y aparecer\u00e1n de color blanco. Por el contrario, las estructuras que contienen aire se ver\u00e1n negras y los m\u00fasculos, la grasa y los l\u00edquidos aparecer\u00e1n como sombras de color gris.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Artroscopia<\/strong><br \/>\nPermite visualizar el interior de las articulaciones para realizar un diagn\u00f3stico y tambi\u00e9n se puede utilizar como procedimiento terap\u00e9utico en caso de ser necesario.<br \/>\nPara ello se realizan peque\u00f1as incisuras alrededor de la articulaci\u00f3n por donde se introducen c\u00e1maras, pinzas y otros utensilios que permiten manipular el interior de la articulaci\u00f3n sin tener que abrirla completamente.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9146\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/enfermeria-unid10-aeptme-008\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png?fit=1224%2C568&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,568\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-008\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png?fit=300%2C139&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png?fit=1024%2C475&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9146\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"371\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9146\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/enfermeria-unid10-aeptme-008\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png?fit=1224%2C568&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,568\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-008\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png?fit=300%2C139&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png?fit=1024%2C475&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9146\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png?resize=800%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png?resize=300%2C139&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png?resize=768%2C356&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-008.png?resize=1024%2C475&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Imagen 7. Artroscopia<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9129\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png?fit=1224%2C792&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,792\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-009\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png?fit=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png?fit=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9129\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9129\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png?fit=1224%2C792&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,792\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-009\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png?fit=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png?fit=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9129\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png?resize=800%2C518&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png?resize=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png?resize=768%2C497&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/11_indicaciones_astrocopia.png?resize=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>Cuadro 2. Indicaciones.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Artrocentesis<\/strong><br \/>\nLa aspiraci\u00f3n articular (artrocentesis) es un estudio en el que se extrae (aspira) una peque\u00f1a muestra del l\u00edquido articular de una articulaci\u00f3n por medio de una aguja y una jeringa.<br \/>\nEn la aspiraci\u00f3n articular, se inserta cuidadosamente una aguja en la articulaci\u00f3n para recolectar una muestra del l\u00edquido sinovial. Esto con la finalidad de ayudar en el diagn\u00f3stico de la artritis. Adem\u00e1s funciona tambi\u00e9n como medida terap\u00e9utica, ya que ayuda a aliviar el dolor y la inflamaci\u00f3n provocados por la acumulaci\u00f3n de l\u00edquido sinovial. Al retirar parte del l\u00edquido se disminuye la presi\u00f3n de la articulaci\u00f3n y se mejora el movimiento de \u00e9sta.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9125\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/7_artrocentesis\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-010\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9125\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9125\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/7_artrocentesis\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-010\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9125\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg?resize=800%2C492&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg?w=1370&amp;ssl=1 1370w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg?resize=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg?resize=768%2C473&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/7_ARTROCENTESIS.jpg?resize=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>Imagen 7. Astrocentesis.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Electromiograf\u00eda<\/strong><br \/>\nEs un examen que verifica la salud de m\u00fasculos y nervios que les controlan. Se emplea con mayor frecuencia cuando una persona tiene s\u00edntomas de debilidad, dolor o sensibilidad anormal. Este examen puede ayudar a diferenciar entre debilidad muscular causada por lesi\u00f3n de un nervio fijado a un m\u00fasculo y debilidad debido a trastornos del sistema nervioso, as\u00ed como enfermedades musculares. P\u00e4ra ello se introduce un electrodo de aguja muy delgado a trav\u00e9s de la piel dentro del m\u00fasculo. El electrodo en la aguja detecta la actividad el\u00e9ctrica liberada por los m\u00fasculos. Esta actividad aparece en un monitor. Despu\u00e9s de la colocaci\u00f3n de los electrodos, se le puede solicitar al paciente que contraiga el m\u00fasculo. La actividad el\u00e9ctrica observada en el monitor suministra informaci\u00f3n sobre la capacidad del m\u00fasculo para responder cuando se estimulan los nervios que van a dichos m\u00fasculos.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9126\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/8_electromiografia\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI%CC%81A.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-011\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI%CC%81A.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI%CC%81A.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9126\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI\u0301A.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9126\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/8_electromiografia\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI%CC%81A.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-011\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI%CC%81A.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI%CC%81A.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9126\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI%CC%81A.jpg?resize=800%2C492&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI%CC%81A.jpg?w=1370&amp;ssl=1 1370w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI%CC%81A.jpg?resize=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI%CC%81A.jpg?resize=768%2C473&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/8_ELECTROMIOGRAFI%CC%81A.jpg?resize=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>Imagen 8. Electromiograf\u00eda.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>10.3 Procedimientos espec\u00edficos<\/h3>\n<h4>10.3.1. Protocolo de Atenci\u00f3n del Paciente Politraumatizado<\/h4>\n<p>Iniciemos por conceptualizar, un paciente politraumatizado es el que sufre lesiones externas e internas que involucran uno o m\u00e1s \u00f3rganos y sistemas, causados generalmente por un mecanismo externo que pone en riesgo la vida.<\/p>\n<p>El objetivo principal de la implementaci\u00f3n protocolo, es garantizar la estabilizaci\u00f3n de las funciones vitales delimitando las complicaciones que pongan en peligro la vida a trav\u00e9s de las intervenciones de enfermer\u00eda.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">vincular anexo 10.3.1. Protocolo de Atenci\u00f3n del Paciente Politraumatizado<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>10.3.2 Fracturas<\/h4>\n<p>La fractura puede definirse como la interrupci\u00f3n de la continuidad \u00f3sea o cartilaginosa.<br \/>\n<strong>Asistencia al paciente con vendaje enyesado:<\/strong><br \/>\nLos objetivos principales en los pacientes enyesados son evitar complicaciones a causa de la inmovilizaci\u00f3n y asegurar la integridad y eficacia del vendaje enyesado, as\u00ed como proporcionarles confort f\u00edsico.<\/p>\n<p>Las indicaciones generales son:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9130\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/12_vendaje_enyesado\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png?fit=1224%2C644&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,644\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-012\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png?fit=300%2C158&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png?fit=1024%2C539&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9130\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"421\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9130\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/12_vendaje_enyesado\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png?fit=1224%2C644&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,644\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-012\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png?fit=300%2C158&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png?fit=1024%2C539&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9130\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png?resize=800%2C421&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"421\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png?resize=300%2C158&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png?resize=768%2C404&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/12_VENDAJE_ENYESADO.png?resize=1024%2C539&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Cuadro 3. Asistencia al paciente con vendaje enyesado.<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Los s\u00edntomas de circulaci\u00f3n incorrecta de zona de compresi\u00f3n y lesi\u00f3n nerviosa se identifican de esta manera:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Control y cuidado del paciente enyesado<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Esta vigilancia y control es obligatorio dentro de las primeras 24 horas de colocado el yeso. Si no hubiesen manifestaciones adversas que corregir, el control debe seguir realiz\u00e1ndose cada 7 a 10 d\u00edas.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9131\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/13_control_paci_yeso\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png?fit=1224%2C915&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,915\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-013\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png?fit=300%2C224&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png?fit=1024%2C765&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9131\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9131\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/13_control_paci_yeso\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png?fit=1224%2C915&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,915\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-013\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png?fit=300%2C224&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png?fit=1024%2C765&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9131\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png?resize=800%2C598&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png?resize=300%2C224&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png?resize=768%2C574&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/13_CONTROL_PACI_YESO.png?resize=1024%2C765&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Cuadro 4. Control y cuidado del paciente enyesado.<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Asistencia a paciente con s\u00edndrome compartimental<\/strong><br \/>\nEl s\u00edndrome compartimental es una afecci\u00f3n seria que implica aumento de la presi\u00f3n en un compartimento muscular. Puede conllevar a da\u00f1o en nervios y m\u00fasculos, al igual que problemas con el flujo sangu\u00edneo.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9127\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/9_compartimental\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-014\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9127\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9127\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/9_compartimental\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg?fit=1370%2C843&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1370,843\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-014\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg?fit=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9127\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg?resize=800%2C492&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg?w=1370&amp;ssl=1 1370w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg?resize=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg?resize=768%2C473&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/9_COMPARTIMENTAL.jpg?resize=1024%2C630&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">Imagen 9. S\u00edndrome compartimental.<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Causas<\/strong><br \/>\nLa fascia (capas gruesas de tejido), separa grupos de m\u00fasculos entre s\u00ed en los brazos y en las piernas. Dentro de cada capa de fascia se encuentra un espacio llamado compartimento, que incluye tejido muscular, nervios y vasos sangu\u00edneos. Cualquier inflamaci\u00f3n en un compartimento ocasionar\u00e1 aumento de presi\u00f3n en esa \u00e1rea debido a que la fascia no se expande, lo cual ejercer\u00e1 presi\u00f3n sobre los m\u00fasculos, los vasos sangu\u00edneos y los nervios. Si esta presi\u00f3n es lo suficientemente alta, el flujo de sangre al compartimento se bloquear\u00e1; esto puede ocasionar lesi\u00f3n permanente en los m\u00fasculos y los nervios. Si dicha presi\u00f3n se prolonga durante un tiempo considerable, el m\u00fasculo puede necrosarse y posiblemente sea necesario amputar el miembro afectado.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00edntomas y signos<\/strong><br \/>\nEl s\u00edndrome compartimental causa dolor intenso que no desaparece cuando uno toma analg\u00e9sicos o eleva el \u00e1rea afectada.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9165\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/enfermeria-unid10-aeptme-015\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png?fit=1224%2C694&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,694\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-015\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png?fit=300%2C170&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png?fit=1024%2C581&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9165\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"454\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9165\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/enfermeria-unid10-aeptme-015\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png?fit=1224%2C694&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,694\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-015\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png?fit=300%2C170&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png?fit=1024%2C581&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9165\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png?resize=800%2C454&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png?resize=300%2C170&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png?resize=768%2C435&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-015.png?resize=1024%2C581&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Cuadro 5. S\u00edntomas y signos del s\u00edndrome compartimental.<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Un examen f\u00edsico revelar\u00e1: dolor al presionar el \u00e1rea y edema .<br \/>\n<strong>Tratamiento<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Se requiere cirug\u00eda inmediatamente, si \u00e9sta se demora puede ocasionarse un da\u00f1o permanente.<\/li>\n<li>Se hacen incisiones quir\u00fargicas largas a trav\u00e9s del tejido muscular con el fin de aliviar la presi\u00f3n; las cuales se pueden dejar abiertas (cubri\u00e9ndose con un ap\u00f3sito est\u00e9ril) y son cerradas durante una segunda intervenci\u00f3n, generalmente de 48 a 72 horas m\u00e1s tarde.<\/li>\n<li>Se debe aflojar o cortar el ap\u00f3sito para aliviar la presi\u00f3n, en caso de que el problema lo est\u00e9 ocasionando el yeso o vendaje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Complicaciones<\/strong><br \/>\nLas complicaciones abarcan lesi\u00f3n permanente a los nervios y los m\u00fasculos que puede llegar a deteriorar su desempe\u00f1o de manera dram\u00e1tica, hasta la posibilidad de amputaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tracci\u00f3n transesquel\u00e9tica<\/strong><br \/>\nLa tracci\u00f3n se utiliza para colocar tensi\u00f3n en un hueso o articulaci\u00f3n desplazados, con pesas y poleas para alinear el hueso e inmovilizarlo. Esta tambi\u00e9n se emplea para colocar tensi\u00f3n en un grupo de m\u00fasculos estir\u00e1ndolos y manteni\u00e9ndolos en este estado y as\u00ed reducir los espasmos musculares.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9133\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/15_traccion-transesqueletica\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio%CC%81n-transesquele%CC%81tica.png?fit=1224%2C972&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,972\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-016\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio%CC%81n-transesquele%CC%81tica.png?fit=300%2C238&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio%CC%81n-transesquele%CC%81tica.png?fit=1024%2C813&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9133\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio\u0301n-transesquele\u0301tica.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"635\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9133\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/15_traccion-transesqueletica\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio%CC%81n-transesquele%CC%81tica.png?fit=1224%2C972&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,972\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-016\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio%CC%81n-transesquele%CC%81tica.png?fit=300%2C238&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio%CC%81n-transesquele%CC%81tica.png?fit=1024%2C813&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9133\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio%CC%81n-transesquele%CC%81tica.png?resize=800%2C635&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio%CC%81n-transesquele%CC%81tica.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio%CC%81n-transesquele%CC%81tica.png?resize=300%2C238&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio%CC%81n-transesquele%CC%81tica.png?resize=768%2C610&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/15_Traccio%CC%81n-transesquele%CC%81tica.png?resize=1024%2C813&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Cuadro 6. Objetivos espec\u00edficos.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Asistencia al paciente con amputaci\u00f3n<\/strong><br \/>\nLa amputaci\u00f3n es la p\u00e9rdida de una parte del cuerpo, que ocurre generalmente como resultado de un accidente o lesi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>En una amputaci\u00f3n parcial, queda parte de la conexi\u00f3n de tejidos blandos. Hay diversas complicaciones asociadas y las m\u00e1s importantes son: hemorragia, shock e infecci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<h4>10.3.3. Movilizaci\u00f3n articular: Ejercicios pasivos y activos<\/h4>\n<p>Es el conjunto de m\u00e9todos que utilizan el movimiento con finalidad terap\u00e9utica. Acciones fisiol\u00f3gicas del ejercicio terap\u00e9utico:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9134\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/16_amputacion\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO%CC%81N.png?fit=1224%2C792&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,792\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-017\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO%CC%81N.png?fit=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO%CC%81N.png?fit=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9134\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO\u0301N.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9134\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/16_amputacion\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO%CC%81N.png?fit=1224%2C792&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,792\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-017\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO%CC%81N.png?fit=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO%CC%81N.png?fit=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9134\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO%CC%81N.png?resize=800%2C518&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO%CC%81N.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO%CC%81N.png?resize=300%2C194&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO%CC%81N.png?resize=768%2C497&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/16_AMPUTACIO%CC%81N.png?resize=1024%2C663&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Cuadro 7. Acciones fisiol\u00f3gicas del ejercicio terap\u00e9utico.<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ejercicios pasivos<\/strong><br \/>\nConjunto de t\u00e9cnicas que se aplican sobre las estructuras afectadas, sin que el paciente realice ning\u00fan movimiento voluntario de la zona que hay que tratar. El paciente no interviene en absoluto, no presenta ni ayuda ni resistencia en la realizaci\u00f3n de los ejercicios.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00e9cnicas a realizar<\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9135\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/17-tecnicas-a-realizar\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE%CC%81CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png?fit=1224%2C675&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,675\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-018\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE%CC%81CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png?fit=300%2C165&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE%CC%81CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png?fit=1024%2C565&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9135\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE\u0301CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"441\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9135\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/17-tecnicas-a-realizar\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE%CC%81CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png?fit=1224%2C675&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,675\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-018\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE%CC%81CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png?fit=300%2C165&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE%CC%81CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png?fit=1024%2C565&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9135\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE%CC%81CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png?resize=800%2C441&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE%CC%81CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE%CC%81CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png?resize=300%2C165&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE%CC%81CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png?resize=768%2C424&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/17-TE%CC%81CNICAS-A-REALIZAR.png?resize=1024%2C565&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Cuadro 8. T\u00e9cnicas a realizar.<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Objetivos de los ejercicios pasivos<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prevenir la aparici\u00f3n de deformidades, evitar rigidez y anquilosis en posturas viciosas.<\/li>\n<li>Mejorar la nutrici\u00f3n muscular y favorecer la circulaci\u00f3n sangu\u00ednea y linf\u00e1tica.<\/li>\n<li>Preparar el m\u00fasculo para un mejor trabajo activo.<\/li>\n<li>Prevenir adherencias y contracturas de los tejidos y mantener su elasticidad.<\/li>\n<li>Mantener la movilidad articular o restablecer la misma en las articulaciones que presentan limitaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li>Estimular ps\u00edquicamente al paciente incapaz de realizar movimientos por s\u00ed mismo.<\/li>\n<li>Despertar los reflejos propioceptivos y la conciencia del movimiento y contribuir a conservar o crear las im\u00e1genes perif\u00e9ricas del esquema corporal espacial.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ejercicios activos<\/strong><br \/>\nConjunto de ejercicios anal\u00edticos o globales, realizados por el paciente con su propia fuerza de forma voluntaria o autorefleja y controlada, corregidos o ayudados por el fisioterapeuta.Existen dos tipos de contracci\u00f3n muscular que se realizan durante los ejercicios activos:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9167\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/enfermeria-unid10-aeptme-017\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png?fit=1224%2C667&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,667\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-017\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png?fit=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png?fit=1024%2C558&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9167\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"436\" \/><noscript><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9167\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/enfermeria-unid10-aeptme-017\/#main\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png?fit=1224%2C667&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1224,667\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Enfermeri\u0301a-UNID10-AEPTME-017\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png?fit=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png?fit=1024%2C558&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9167\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png?resize=800%2C436&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png?w=1224&amp;ssl=1 1224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png?resize=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png?resize=768%2C419&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2018\/04\/Enfermeri%CC%81a-UNID10-AEPTME-017.png?resize=1024%2C558&amp;ssl=1 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/noscript><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Cuadro 9.<\/em> Ejercicios activos.<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Clasificaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Activos asistidos:<\/strong> se realizan cuando el paciente no es capaz por s\u00ed mismo de llevar a cabo el movimiento en contra de la gravedad, por lo que necesita ayuda para su realizaci\u00f3n. Las t\u00e9cnicas que se utilizan son\n<ul>\n<li>ejercicios activos autoasistidos (el propio paciente);<\/li>\n<li>ejercicios activos asistidos manuales (el fisioterapeuta);<\/li>\n<li>ejercicios activos mec\u00e1nicos (poleas, planos deslizantes, inmersi\u00f3n en el agua, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Activos libres:<\/strong> tambi\u00e9n llamados gravitacionales, el paciente ejecuta los movimientos de los m\u00fasculos afectados exclusivamente sin requerir ayuda, ni resistencia externa, excepto la gravedad. Con este tipo de movilizaciones se mantiene el \u00e1ngulo articular, la fuerza y la coordinaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Activos resistidos:<\/strong> movimientos que se realizan tratando de vencer la resistencia que opone el fisioterapeuta con sus manos o por medio de instrumentos (contra resistencias externas). Este tipo de ejercicio es el mejor m\u00e9todo para aumentar potencia, volumen y resistencia muscular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>10.4 Proceso de enfermer\u00eda en las alteraciones del dominio 4 Actividad \/reposo: Clase 2 Actividad \/ejercicio, clase 5 Autocuidado.<\/h4>\n<p>Los diagn\u00f3sticos de enfermer\u00eda relacionados con este dominio y clase, tienen que ver con las limitaciones del paciente para realizar movimientos independientes de una o m\u00e1s extremidades.<\/p>\n<h2>CONCLUSIONES<\/h2>\n<p>Las enfermedades m\u00fasculo-esquel\u00e9ticas constituyen importantes problemas de salud a nivel mundial, lo cual aumentar\u00e1 a medida que se da la transici\u00f3n epidemiol\u00f3gica con un impacto en todas la facetas de la vida de la sociedad, y fundamentalmente en los sistemas de salud. De su diagn\u00f3stico diferencial temprano y adecuado tratamiento depender\u00e1 en gran medida el alivio del dolor m\u00fasculo-esquel\u00e9tico asociado a estas patolog\u00edas en el adulto.<br \/>\nLas acciones de Enfermer\u00eda son sumamente importantes para una pronta rehabilitaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<h2>BIBLIOGRAF\u00cdA CONSULTADA<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Infomed Red telem\u00e1tica de salud en Cuba. Medicina de rehabilitaci\u00f3n. infomed, red telem\u00e1tica de salud en Cuba; el 11 de febrero de 1999 [citado el 10 de agosto de 2017]; Recuperado a partir de: http:\/\/www.sld.cu\/sitios\/rehabilitacion\/temas.php?idv=1029<\/li>\n<li>Lynn-McHale D. y Carlson K.: Cuidados Intensivos, procedimientos de la American Asocciation of Critical-Care Nurses. Cuarta edici\u00f3n, Editorial m\u00e9dica Panamericana, Buenos Aires Argentina, 2003.<\/li>\n<li>Urden L., Kathleen M. Satacy. Cuidados Intensivos en Enfermer\u00eda. Mosby, Madrid Espa\u00f1a, 2001.<\/li>\n<li>McCloskey Joanne y Bulechek Gloria, Clasificaci\u00f3n de Intervenciones de Enfermer\u00eda (NIC), Quinta edici\u00f3n, ed. Elsevier-Mosby, Madrid Espa\u00f1a, 2005.<\/li>\n<li>Moorhead Sue et al, Clasificaci\u00f3n de Resultados de Enfermer\u00eda (NOC), Cuarta edici\u00f3n, ed. Elsevier-Mosby, Madrid Espa\u00f1a, 2005.<\/li>\n<li>NANDA, Diagn\u00f3sticos Enfermeros: Definiciones y Clasificaci\u00f3n 2015-2017, editorial Elsevier, Madrid Espa\u00f1a, 2014<\/li>\n<li>Gutierrez Lizardi Pedro. Protocolos y procedimientos en el paciente cr\u00edtico. Editorial Manual moderno. 2010.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>INTRODUCCI\u00d3N Las patolog\u00edas musculoesquel\u00e9ticas normalmente afectan la espalda, cuello, hombros y extremidades superiores, aunque tambi\u00e9n pueden extenderse a las extremidades inferiores. Comprenden cualquier da\u00f1o o trastorno de las articulaciones y otros tejidos. Los trastornos de salud musculoesquel\u00e9ticos abarcan desde peque\u00f1as molestias y dolores a cuadros m\u00e9dicos graves que obligan a solicitar la baja laboral e &#8230; <a title=\"Unidad did\u00e1ctica 10: Atenci\u00f3n de enfermer\u00eda a pacientes con trastornos m\u00fasculo esquel\u00e9ticos\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/unidad-didactica-10-atencion-de-enfermeria-a-pacientes-con-trastornos-musculo-esqueleticos\/\" aria-label=\"Leer m\u00e1s sobre Unidad did\u00e1ctica 10: Atenci\u00f3n de enfermer\u00eda a pacientes con trastornos m\u00fasculo esquel\u00e9ticos\">Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-enfermeria-del-adulto"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9Pe0m-117","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/111"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3913"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3913\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9168,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3913\/revisions\/9168"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ugto.mx\/enfermeriaenlinea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}