Title: Phytoremediation

Phytostabilization

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Consists of reducing the bioavailability of pollutants through revegetation with toxicity-tolerant plant species that inactivate pollutants to reduce the risk to the environment and human health and implies a mechanical improvement of the physical properties of the soil and its protection against erosion and the transport of pollutants. On the other hand, Phyto-immobilization causes the immobilization and reduction of the bioavailability of pollutants through the production of chemical compounds at the soil-root interface that inactivate toxic substances, either through absorption/adsorption or precipitation processes.

Phytoextraction

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Also called phytoaccumulation, uses the ability of plants to extract the pollutant, mainly metals, and accumulate it in their roots, stems, or leaves. Once the process is finished, the plants are removed along with the pollutant and destroyed or recycled.

Phytodegradation

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Consists of the degradation of pollutants by the action of plants and the microorganisms associated with them. Pollutants are metabolized within plant tissues, and plants produce enzymes, such as dehalogenase and oxygenase, that help catalyze degradation. In the case of Rhizodegradation, the degradation takes place around the roots of the plants in contribution to the rhizomicrobial populations. The roots release natural substances that supply nutrients to associated microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, stimulating their biological activity.

Phytovolatilization

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In which the plant causes the volatilization of soil pollutants.

Rhizofiltration

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Which produces the absorption of metals in polluted waters through the roots of plants.