Formas de cortesía e instrucciones de clase
Introducción
Welcome to class 3! This one is about being polite.
Los buenos modales juegan un papel muy importante en la vida de cualquier persona, ya que la manera en cómo interactuamos con los demás, define nuestra personalidad y marcará la diferencia entre que una situación se dé de forma exitosa o se torne desagradable.
Actuar de manera cordial y respetuosa no sólo debes tenerlo en cuenta en tu entorno o al encontrarte con tu familia y amigos, sino también cuando viajas al extranjero, debido a que no conoces bien la cultura de las personas que te rodean. Entonces, aprenderte algunas frases en inglés para tener buenos modales te ayudará a expresarte de la manera correcta donde sea que te encuentres.
We will also review vocabulary to address what we may have in the classroom or in an office.
Classroom objects are the educational equipment and the objects in a classroom. The classroom objects can include stationery equipment, teaching materials and other school supplies.
Con información de: FRASES EN INGLÉS PARA TENER BUENOS MODALES
All of it will help us to explain what we have around us.
So, let’s begin!
Desarrollo del tema
Ser cortés/ Be polite
Mencionamos ya que es importante conocer frases de cortesía y términos que nos permitan expresar cortésmente. Este tipo de expresiones se conocen en inglés como “polite expressions” y agregan un tono de respeto a la conversación que estemos sosteniendo.
Here are some polite expressions:
For the pronunciation check the following video: Polite Words English Lessons
Check the following video. An answer the questions: Basic English Dialogs Introducing Yourself
Do you know what NETIQUETTE is?
The word netiquette is a combination of “net” (from the internet) and “etiquette”. It means respecting other users’ views and displaying common courtesy when posting your views to online discussion groups.
Almost every site has a page for newcomers that describes its rules of good behavior. Usually, this page will appear as the terms and conditions you must agree to when you open your account. However, sites may have additional information. You should read all of it.
Check to see if the site has a FAQ (frequently asked questions) section. FAQs typically include questions that have been asked and answered hundreds of times. If you have any queries about site protocol, you will most likely discover the dos and don’ts here.
It is always wise to see what the discussion group has been talking about for a week or two before you begin to post your messages. Online, as in real life, it can take a long time to get past a bad first impression.
Información tomada de: What is netiquette?
Instrucciones de clase
El salón de clase/the classroom:
- These are words and expressions frequently used in the classroom by the teacher and by students.
- Open/close your book.
- How do you say ___?
- What does ____ mean?
- How do you spell____?
- Can you repeat that, please?
- Can you go slower?
- I don´t understand.
- Quiz/Project/Evidence/Portfolio/Notebook/Homework / Test / Exam.
- Work in groups/ pairs/ partners.
- Turn to page ___.
- Listen, quiet please.
- sit down, stand up.
- pay attention.
- May I come in?
- May I go to the bathroom?
- Turn off your cell phone.
- Complete, underline, circle.
- Blank/ space.
- Ask and answer questions.
- Can you play the audio again?
Revisa las frases arriba señaladas sobre el salón de clase y señala quien usaría la frase y en qué situación se requeriría cada una de esas frases.
Example. Open/close your book. El maestro la usaría para iniciar o terminar de trabajar con el libro.
For more class instructions check the following video: English Vocabulary – Let’s have a Class!
En el salón de clase y la oficina
En inglés existen varias palabras de vocabulario indispensables para poder hablar sobre el salón de clase y la oficina y a continuación marcaremos algunas de las más básicas, pero además es importante dominar expresiones como el modo impersonal del verbo haber, para poder señalar lo que hay en un sitio específico, de otra manera solo aprenderemos palabras sueltas sin un propósito comunicativo, por tanto, en esta clase podremos dominar ambos aspectos y lograr la competencia comunicativa.
Mobiliario y útiles del salón/Furniture and classroom utensils
Desk, table, chair, blackboard, white board, pen, pencil, pencil case, eraser, pencil, sharpener, compass, ruler, marker, TV screen, CD player, speaker(s), poster paper, highlighter.
Materiales y muebles de la oficina /Office furniture and materials
Office desk, office chair, meeting table, laptop, desktop computer, printer, tablet, cables, projector.
Check the vocabulary in the next video: School Objects, Subjects and Building
Forma impersonal del verbo haber
There is y there are son dos estructuras equivalentes a la forma impersonal del verbo haber en tiempo presente: hay.
There is se utiliza con nombres contables en singular introducidos por los artículos indeterminados a/an o el número one y con nombres incontables. “There are” se utiliza con nombres contables en plural.
Ahora podemos pasar al verbo have. Usar el verbo to have (tener) es sencillo: en vez de tener seis formas como nosotros en español, en inglés sólo tenemos dos: have y has, y esta última sólo se usa con los pronombres él, ella y ello.
- Example:
- I have a brother / Yo tengo un hermano
- She has two sisters/ Ella tiene dos hermanas.
Es posible que encuentres have como auxiliar en la construcción de tiempos verbales como el presente perfecto, pero el verbo have como unidad significa tener.
El verbo “have” se puede contraer y queda “´ve”, veámoslo en la siguiente tabla:
| Forma larga | Forma corta |
| I have | I’ve |
| You have | You’ve |
| He has | He’s |
| She has | She’s |
| It has | It’s |
| We have | We’ve |
| You have | You’ve |
| They have | They’ve |
Pronunciación: Cuando digas “have” o “has”, nunca pronuncies la «h» como si fuera la «j» del español. Recuerda que nuestra «h» es suave y que decimos /hhhavvv/ y /hhhas/.
Error común: No digas I’ve a dog. Cuando se trata del verbo have en el sentido de tener, no se puede contraer nunca. Tienes que decir I have a dog.
Presente simple de “to have” en forma negativa
La estructura del simple present de verbo “to have” en forma negativa es:
Sujeto + do/does + not + have + ….
Cuando se use el auxiliar éste debe concordar con el sujeto. En inglés británico es frecuente utilizar la forma contraída “haven´t” mientras que el inglés americano utiliza la forma “don’t have”.
Información tomada de: El presente simple en afirmativa del verbo «have» en inglés
To check the pronunciation, watch the following video: Have / Has Basics – ESL Present Tense Level 1 – Adult Education
Artículos definidos e indefinidos.
Todos conocemos lo que son los artículos, ¿cierto? Son partículas que acompañan a los sustantivos. En inglés, solo existen dos clases, los definidos e indefinidos; según si especificamos una cosa, persona o animal en concreto o no. Let´s review them.
In English there are three articles: a, an, and the. Articles are used before nouns or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective. The definite article “the” is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun is known to the reader. The indefinite article “a, an” is used before a noun that is general or when its identity is not known. There are certain situations in which a noun takes no article.
For the purposes of understanding how articles are used, it is important to know that nouns can be either count (can be counted) or noncount (indefinite in quantity and cannot be counted). In addition, count nouns are either singular (one) or plural (more than one). Noncount nouns are always in singular form.
If we are speaking of water that has been spilled on the table, there can be one drop (singular) or two or more drops (plural) of water on the table. The word drop in this example is a count noun because we can count the number of drops. Therefore, according to the rules applying to count nouns, the word drop would use the articles “a” or “the”.
Información tomada de: ARTÍCULOS DEFINITIVOS E INDEFINIDOS
However, if we are speaking of water in general spilled on the table, it would not be appropriate to count one water or two waters — there would simply be water on the table. Water is a noncount noun. Therefore, according to the rules applying to noncount nouns, the word water would use no article or the, but not a.
Following are the three specific rules which explain the use of definite and indefinite articles.
Información tomada de: Artículo indefinido
Rule #1 – Specific identity not known: Use the indefinite article “a” or “an” only with a singular count noun whose specific identity is not known to the reader. Use a before nouns that begin with a consonant sound, and use “an” before nouns that begin with a vowel sound.
Use the article “a” or “an” to indicate any non-specified member of a group or category.
- I think an animal is in the garage
- We are looking for an apartment.
Use the article “a” or “an” to indicate one in number (as opposed to more than one).
- I own a cat and two dogs.
Use the article a before a consonant sound, and use “an” before a vowel sound.
- a boy, an apple
Sometimes an adjective comes between the article and noun:
- an unhappy boy, a red apple
The plural form of “a” or “an” is some. Use some to indicate an unspecified, limited amount (but more than one).an apple, some apples
Rule #2 – Specific identity known: Use the definite article the with any noun (whether singular or plural, count or noncount) when the specific identity of the noun is known to the reader, as in the following situations:
Use the article “the” when a particular noun has already been mentioned previously.
- I ate an apple yesterday. The apple was juicy and delicious.
Use the article “the” when an adjective, phrase, or clause describing the noun clarifies or restricts its identity.
- The boy sitting next to me raised his hand.
- Thank you for the advice you gave me.
Use the article “the” when the noun refers to something or someone that is unique.
- the theory of relativity
- the 2003 federal budget
Rule #3 – All things or things in general: Use no article with plural count nouns or any noncount nouns used to mean all or in general.
- Trees are beautiful in the fall. (All trees are beautiful in the fall.)
- He was asking for advice. (He was asking for advice in general.)
- I do not like coffee. (I do not like all coffee in general.)
Additional Information Regarding the Use of Articles
- When indicating an unspecified, limited amount of a count or noncount noun, use some.
- I would love some coffee right now (not coffee in general, but a limited amount of coffee).
- It may rain tomorrow. Some rain is good for the crops (a certain amount of rain, as opposed to rain in general).
- There are some drops of water on the table (a limited number, but more than one drop).
Información tomada de: ARTÍCULOS DEFINITIVOS E INDEFINIDOS
Geographical names are confusing because some require the and some do not.
a) Use “the” with: united countries, large regions, deserts, peninsulas, oceans, seas, gulfs, canals, rivers, mountain ranges, groups of islands.
- the Gobi Desert
- the United Arab Emirates
- the Sacramento River
b) Do not use “the” with: streets, parks, cities, states, counties, most countries, continents, bays, single lakes, single mountains, islands.
- Japan
- Mt. Everest
- San Francisco Bay
Check the following videos for more on articles “a/an-the” Articles: A, An & The – English grammar tutorial video lesson
Definite and Indefinite Articles | English Grammar | iken | ikenedu | ikenApp
Colores/colors
What is the difference between color and colour?
Both words mean the same thing and its spelling depends on the country where the word is written. The word Color is used in the United States. The word Colour is used in the rest of the English-speaking countries (England, Australia, NZ etc.)
The names of the more common colors in English:
- White, black, red, blue, brown, green, yellow, gray, pink, orange, purple, lilac, gold, silver, turquoise, pink, fuchsia, navy, maroon, olive.
Información tomada de: Vocabulario inglés
For information on the colors and shades check: Introduction to tertiary colors, tints and shades
- What is the difference between gray and grey?
- The same as with the difference between color and colour, it depends on the country.
- The word Gray is used in the United States.
- The word Grey is used in the rest of the English-speaking countries (England, Australia, NZ etc.)
Word order with colors
There are three ways that you can use a color in a sentence to describe something:
- To Be + Color. My car is blue.
- Color + Noun. The blue car is mine.
- Color is the Noun. Blue is the color of my car.
Did you know that, because colors give us more information about a person or a thing, they are adjectives in English?
Light – Dark – Bright You can also talk in shades (or intensity) of color in English by using such expressions as: Light/pale is the opposite of Dark. Bright: a strong color that is easy to see.
- Helen has dark green eyes.
- His light grey hair made him look very distinguished.
- Her bright pink lipstick does not look good.
The words Pale, Light, Dark and Bright are placed before the color.
Colors + ISH
If you are not exactly sure how to describe a color, we normally use the suffix -ish.
like Greenish (= approximately green but not exactly green)
- The sunset is a beautiful pinkish-purplish color today.
- His shirt is lightish blue in color.
Typical Things of each Color
The following is a list of things typically associated with each color:
- Red: Strawberry, Rose, Fire engine, Blood, Heart
- Orange: Pumpkin, Carrot, Basketball
- Yellow: Cheese, Sun, Butter, Lemon
- Green: Grass, Lettuce, Frog, Leaf, Lizard
- Blue: Sky, Ocean, Blueberry, Whale
- Black: Bat, Night, Tire (tyre), Fly
- White: Paper, Sugar, Milk, Snow, Sheep
- Pink: Pig, Tongue, Cotton candy (Candy floss)
- Brown: Wood, Cigar, Earth, Acorn, Horse
- Grey / Gray: Rock, Lead, Dust, Mouse, Elephant
- Purple: Bruise, Grapes
Con información de: Vocabulario inglés
How many more things can you add to each color?
We see colors in everything around, every moment of the day, but do you ever stop to think about the impact each of those colors is having on you? Whether it’s the calming effect of blue skies and fields of green, or the saliva-inducing red and yellow of your local fast food chain, each color has a meaning and taps into emotions. Colors are everywhere and they mean so many things, it is essential to be aware of these color meanings to help when choosing colors or to tap into the magical power of color symbolism.
Conclusión
El uso de expresiones de cortesía y frases frecuentes en el aula es importante para el día a día, aún si estamos en sesiones virtuales existen reglas como la netiqueta.
Además pudimos en esta clase identificar que el verbo have significa tener, haber o tomar, en inglés en presente y se conjuga have o has.
Existe además una manera impersonal para hablar de haber con there is y there are son dos estructuras equivalentes a la forma impersonal del verbo haber en tiempo presente y se denomina impersonal pues no se indica la persona que tiene.
Estas expresiones se utilizan para indicar, negar o preguntarse acerca del lugar en el que un elemento se encuentra situado y para expresar, desmentir o preguntarse acerca de la existencia de algo o alguien.
This is all this time, see you next one.
Don´t forget to do your consigna on time.