Clase digital 1. Hábitos, rutinas diarias y pasatiempos

Hábitos, rutinas diarias y pasatiempos

Introducción

Welcome!

Bienvenido al desarrollo de la presente Unidad de Aprendizaje, Inglés B, la cual forma parte del núcleo de formación básica es la segunda de tres módulos. 

Esta unidad es parte del programa institucional de inglés, que pretende que los estudiantes al concluir esta unidad de aprendizaje logren el nivel A1-A2 del Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas. Esta Unidad de Aprendizaje tiene un enfoque por competencias, de tal manera que busca fortalecer las competencias correspondientes a este nivel. 

Se caracteriza como disciplinaria porque contribuye a desarrollar conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes que debe poseer el estudiante para poder comunicarse activamente en un idioma adicional al español, atendiendo a los retos que plantea la vida en el mundo actual globalizado y de las TIC, que cambian constantemente, fomentando además actitudes de responsabilidad, cooperación, respeto, tolerancia e interculturalidad.

Es un privilegio contar con tu participación en este curso, espero que tengas un excelente aprovechamiento de estas clases.

De inicio, habremos de marcar el planteamiento de objetivos de la UDA, por lo que te pedimos que los revises y de igual manera, consideres que la competencia a desarrollar en esta UDA es:

“Plantear y contestar preguntas sobre sí mismo y otros, familia y amigos, el lugar donde vive, su entorno y las cosas que conoce y las que posee. Realizar afirmaciones sencillas en áreas de necesidades específicas e inmediatas de temas cotidianos. Responder y elaborar preguntas con un repertorio básico, ensayado y organizado para situaciones concretas, siempre que el interlocutor se comunique de forma clara, pausada y cooperativa.”

Como se puede desprender del enfoque comunicativo una de las premisas esenciales de la materia es el uso activo del inglés, para la presentación y desarrollo de los contenidos posteriores en toda la UDA, se realizarán presentaciones solo en inglés con algunas explicaciones en español, todo esto atendiendo a lograr un enfoque comunicativo que te permita usar el idioma desde el primer momento para lograr una eficiencia al nivel del objetivo marcado.

Después de esta reflexión comencemos con la primera clase, en esta se busca que puedas hablar en inglés de «Hábitos, rutinas diarias y pasatiempos», para ello revisaremos los siguientes puntos:

• Repaso del verbo BE. 
• Presente Simple en sus formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa 
• Adverbios 
• Posición de los adverbios en la oración

¿Ready? Let´s begin.

Desarrollo del tema

Remember Verb BE?  Completa el siguiente cuadro:

Entonces… ¿ya sabes lo que significa la famosa canción “We are the Champions” del grupo Queen?

“Be” es el verbo que te vas a topar con más frecuencia y tiene mucha relevancia en inglés, por ello la mayoría de los cursos comienza con este verbo. Si recuerdas en español implica “ser o estar”, aunque dependiendo de las circunstancias puede significar tener, haber, hacer o sentirse:

Ser:

• He is a teacher.

Estar:

• The glass is in the table.

Haber: 

• There are two doors in the room.

Tener:

• I am 30 years old.

Hacer:

• It is very hot now.

Sentirse:

• I am a bit dizzy today.

Veamos si recuerdas esto al resolver los siguientes ejercicios:

Si recuerdas también que el verbo “be” se niega agregando “not”:

¿Puedes hacer negativas las siguientes oraciones afirmativas? como en el ejemplo.

I am 15 years old. I am not 15 years old.

1. We are great football players. _______________________
2. It is boring. _______________________
3. She is in her room. _______________________
4. You are very tall. _______________________
5. Sandy is the best dancer. _______________________
6. They are next to the window. _______________________
7. He is a doctor. _______________________
8. I am late. _______________________

Para hacer preguntas el verbo “be” es justo como la forma afirmativa pero acomodado al revés, pues no basta como hacemos en español, en solo poner el tono de pregunta.

Recuerda también que el pronombre personal «you» se repite dos veces, porque puede funcionar como 2da persona del singular (tú/usted), o 2da persona del plural (ustedes), y que es el contexto el que nos ayuda a saber si estamos hablando en singular “you Pedro” ( tu Pedro) o plural  “you group”(ustedes grupo).

Veamos ahora si puedes convertir las mismas oraciones en pregunta como en el ejemplo.

He is 15 years old. Is he 15 years old?.

1. We are great football players. _______________________
2. It is boring. _______________________
3. She is in her room. _______________________
4. You are very tall. _______________________
5. Sandy is the best dancer. _______________________
6. They are next to the window. _______________________
7. He is a doctor. _______________________
8. I am late. _______________________

Luego de este repaso completa correctamente los siguientes ejercicios:

1. Presente Simple en sus formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa

Antes de iniciar, recuerda que debemos comenzar a usar más el inglés, por lo tanto, vamos a reflexionar lo siguiente en inglés:

a. What are verb tenses?

Verb tenses means all the changes made in the form of the verbs. 

These changes are important for meaning because they are “signals” about time, whether something is a continuing action, and other information.

We all understand past-present- future, but in English the verbs can be simple, continuous (or progressive), perfect, perfect progressive. Later, we will review all the tenses, for now we will check simple tense.

One important English verb tense is the simple present. This is actually not a very good name because its meaning is not exactly simple and the time for which it is used is not exactly present.

b. Let´s check the simple present!

The simple present tense (also called present simple or present indefinite) is one of several forms of present tense in English. 

The simple present tense is simple to form. Just use the base form of the verb: I take, you take, we take, they take. The 3^rd person singular takes an -s at the end: he takes, she takes.

For a further explanation on simple present with third person, let´s check the following video from the 0:19”

Please note that the final / S / for third person (he/she/it) has three different spellings. Many verbs simply add -s or -es. Verbs that end in a consonant + y, change the y to I and then add -es.

Simple Present Uses

The present simple is used to describe habits, unchanging situations, general truths, and fixed arrangements… to show repetition, habit or generalization. Less commonly, the simple present can be used to talk about scheduled actions in the near future and, in some cases, actions happening now. Let´s check them one by one:

a. Repeated Actions. Simple present repeated action. Use the simple present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do. Examples:

• I play tennis.
• She does not play tennis.
• Does he play tennis?
• The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
• The train does not leave at 9 AM.
• When does the train usually leave?

To check more on daily activities on the next video:

b. Facts or Generalizations. Simple present generalization

The simple present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things. Examples:

• California is in America.
• California is not in the United Kingdom.

c. Scheduled Events in the Near Future

Speakers occasionally use simple present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well. Examples:

• The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
• The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
• The party starts at 8 o’clock.
• When does class begin tomorrow?

d. Now (Non-Continuous Verbs) 

Speakers sometimes use the simple present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with non-continuous verbs and certain mixed verbs. Examples:

• I am here now.
• She is not here now.
• He needs help right now.
• He does not need help now.
• Do you have your passport with you?

For more on the present simple use check the following:

2. Verbos relacionados con pasatiempos. 

Some useful verbs related to Hobbies are: 

Read, watch TV, go to the cinema, dance, paint, draw, play video games, chat online, surf the internet, make videos, do exercise, collect things, go to the gym, take pictures, take selfies.

• I go to the gym every other day.

You may see some of these verbs in simple present when talking about routines, like in this video:

Regular and irregular verbs in present simple use Auxiliar Do and Does for negative and question forms.

For more on how to build negative and question present simple, let´s check the following:

3. Adverbios

What is an adverb?

An adverb is a word that can modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Lots of adverbs end in «-ly.» For example:

• She swims quickly.

(Here, the adverb «quickly» modifies the verb «swims»)

• She is an extremely quick swimmer.

(The adverb «extremely» modifies the adjective «quick»)

• She swims extremely quickly.

(The adverb «extremely» modifies the adverb «quickly»)

The following video explains it better:

What do adverbs do?

When an adverb modifies a verb, it tells us how, when, where, why, how often, or how much the action is performed. Here are some examples of adverbs modifying verbs:

• How: He ran quickly.
• When: He ran yesterday.
• Where: He ran here.
• How often: He ran daily.
• How much: He ran fastest.

Not all adverbs are one word.

In the examples above, every adverb is a single word, but an adverb can be made up of more than one word. For example:

• How: He ran at 10 miles per hour. (The bold text is an adverbial phrase.)
• When: He ran when the police arrived. (The bold text is an adverbial clause.)
• Where: He ran to the shops. (Adverbial phrase)
• Why: He ran to fetch some water. (This is an adverbial phrase. There are no single-word adverbs that tell us why.)
• How often: He ran every day. (Adverbial phrase)
• How much: He ran quicker than me. (Adverbial phrase)

Adverbs are sometimes mistaken with adjectives, but now we know the adverb describes the verb and the function of an adjective is to describe the noun. The next video explains the difference a little further: 

Aprendamos un poco de adverbios de frecuencia:

Adverbios de frecuencia

Utilizamos los adverbios de frecuencia para indicar con que frecuencia (“How often”) realizamos una determinada actividad o acción.

Frequency adverbs

Always, usually, constantly, frequently, normally, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, almost never, never.

Let´s see if you understood adverbs of frequency:

I always go to the cinema on Sunday mornings because it’s cheaper. I usually go with my friends but sometimes I go with my parents. I always take sweets with me but I buy a drink there. I never get popcorn because I hate it! How often do you go to the cinema?

From the above paragraph, please answer the following:

a. I go to the cinema on Sundays. True/ False
b. I sometimes go with my friends. True/ False
c. I go with my parents every time. True/False
d. I don’t buy sweets at the cinema. True/ False
e. I take a drink from home. True/ False
f. I get popcorn every time I go. True/ False

Adverbios para expresar intensidad/ Intensity adverbs: Absolutely, completely, perfectly, quite, slightly, fully, totally, strongly, incredibly, extremely, very, really, pretty, at all, rather, utterly, highly, seriously, thoroughly.

For more in this topic, please review the next video:

Adverbios como modificadores del sentido de la oración / Adverb as modifiers: Slowly, quickly, carefully, rudely, badly.

Here is a video in the topic:

4. Posición de los adverbios en la oración

We can put adverbs and adverb phrases at the front, in the middle or at the end of a clause.

a. The front position of the clause is the first item in the clause:

• Suddenly I felt afraid.
• Yesterday detectives arrested a man and a woman in connection with the murder.

b. The end position of the clause is the last item in the clause:

• Why do you always have to eat so fast?

c. The mid position is between the subject and the main verb:

• Apples always taste best when you pick them straight off the tree.
• Where there is more than one verb, mid position means after the first auxiliary verb or after a modal verb:
• The government has occasionally been forced to change its mind. (After the first auxiliary verb)
• You can definitely never predict what will happen. (After a modal verb)
• We mightn’t ever have met. (After the modal verb and before the auxiliary verb)

In questions, mid position is between the subject and the main verb:

• Do you ever think about living there?

Adverbs usually come after the main verb be, except in emphatic clauses:

• She’s always late for everything.

When “be” is emphasized, the adverb comes before the verb:Why should I have gone to see Madonna? I never was a fan of hers. (emphatic)

Conclusión

Remember:

The simple present (also called present simple or present indefinite) is a verb tense which is used to show repetition, habit or generalization. Less commonly, the simple present can be used to talk about scheduled actions in the near future and, in some cases, actions happening now.Regular and irregular verbs in present simple use Auxiliar Do and Does for negative and question forms.

Also remember that the placement for grammar adverbs can be a front, mid or end position:

We have reached the end of our first class. How do you feel? I hope very well, Keep going. Don’t forget to complete the Consigna for this class.

See you next class!

Fuentes de información

• Present simple tense. Recuperado de https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.html