Clase digital 2. Entretenimiento

Entretenimiento

Introducción

Hello again!

Welcome to class 2 for English III.

In this lesson we will work with the topic of entertainment, and for that we will use the grammar related to:

• Verbos Like / Love / Hate
• Pronombres indefinidos (afirmación y negación)
• Pronombres recíprocos

As you can see at the end of this topic you will structure statements using the verbs like, love and hate to express your preference, your likes and dislikes in different levels for diverse situations related to music, film and TV genres and entertainment.

Are you ready? let’s start!

Desarrollo del tema

Like / Love / Hate Verbs

Every day in our lives we express, conscious or unconsciously, preferences, likes and dislikes about things, people or activities that are performed daily. The most common verbs to express these likes and dislikes are love, like and hate. They are used in simple present tense because they are routines or habitual actions, which means that if we are to use the personal pronouns “he, she, it” we add and “s”: likes, loves, hates.

• She likes
• He loves
• It hates

And it is very frequent that if you use social media they ask you to give people a “like” to their videos or photos.

When you want to express preferences, likes and dislikes, most of the time we use the simple present tense with the verbs: «love«, «like» to express likes and «hate» or “don’t like” to express dislikes with a noun or a verb.

Noun: It can be used with an adjective or even substituted by a pronoun and the sentences only has the feeling as an action.

• I love hamburgers
• I like animals
• I hate spinach

Verbs: It can be and infinitive or gerund.

For more on the use of the verbs like, love, hate check the next video:

To practice more about this topic, go to:

As mentioned in the beginning, this class is related to entrainment, and we will review vocabulary about musical instruments:

Instrumentos musicales/ musical instruments: piano, flute, guitar, electric guitar, bass, drums, violin, cello, clarinet, harmonica, organ, keyboard.

For the pronunciation of these Musical instruments go to the next video:

Géneros musicales / Music Genres: classical, rock, heavy metal, easy listening, opera, instrumental, orchestra, pop, jazz, Tex-Mex, disco, electronic, country, K-pop, Mexican Regional music, folk, salsa, cumbia.

What is your favorite musical genre?

For more on Musical genres go to:

Now let’s review vocabulary on film genres.

Géneros filmográficos / Film genres: drama, comedy, horror, action, romance, animated, thriller, science fiction/sci-fi, documentary.

Here is more on Entertainment: soap operas, game shows, news, cartoons, talk shows, reality shows, anime, series.

The following video reviews vocabulary related to TV shows:

Now you can express your preferences on entertainment:

• What instrument would you like to play?
• What film genre do you dislike?
• What music genre do you like?

Pronombres indefinidos (Afirmación y negación)

Indefinite pronouns do not refer to a specific person, place, or thing. In English, there is a particular group of indefinite pronouns formed with a quantifier or distributive preceded by any, some, every and no.

Indefinite pronouns with some and any are used to describe indefinite and incomplete quantities in the same way that some and any are used alone.

Indefinite pronouns are placed in the same location as a noun would go in the sentence.

Affirmative

As previously mentioned the following are indefinite affirmative pronouns: anybody / anyone, somebody / someone, anyone / anything, something, all, every, each, another / other, everyone / everything, everywhere / anywhere, somehow / anyhow, several / some.

In affirmative sentences, indefinite pronouns using some are used to describe an indefinite quantity, the indefinite pronouns with every are used to describe a complete quantity, and the pronouns with no are used to describe an absence. Indefinite pronouns with no are often used in affirmative sentences with a negative meaning, but these are nevertheless not negative sentences because they are lacking the word not.

Examples:

• Someone is sleeping in my bed.
• No one is sleeping in my bed.
• I gave everything to Sam.
• He saw something in the garden.
• There is nothing to eat.
• I looked everywhere for my keys.
• Keith is looking for somewhere to live.
• There is nowhere as beautiful as Paris.

Any and the indefinite pronouns formed with it can also be used in affirmative sentences with a meaning that is close to every: whichever person, whichever place, whichever thing, etc.

Examples:

• They can choose anything from the menu.
• You may invite anybody you want to your birthday party.
• We can go anywhere you’d like this summer.
• He would give anything to get into Oxford.
• Fido would follow you anywhere.

Negative sentences

Pronombres indefinidos en negación/ indefinite negative pronouns: not everybody / not everyone / not everything / not everywhere / not all.

Negative sentences can only be formed with the indefinite pronouns that include any.

Examples:

• I don’t have anything to eat.
• She didn’t go anywhere last week.
• I can’t find anyone to come with me.

Many negative sentences that include an indefinite pronoun with any can be turned into affirmative sentences with a negative meaning by using an indefinite pronoun with no.

• Not everybody is ready
• Not everything is lost

However, there is a change in meaning with this transformation: the sentence that includes an indefinite pronoun with no is stronger, and can imply emotional content such as defensiveness, hopelessness, anger, etc.

Examples:

• I don’t know anything about it = Neutral
• I know nothing about it = Defensive
• I don’t have anybody to talk to = Neutral
• I have nobody to talk to = Hopeless
• There wasn’t anything we could do = Neutral
• There was nothing we could do = Defensive / Angry

Negative questions

Indefinite pronouns with every, some, and any can be used to form negative questions. These questions can usually be answered with a «yes» or a «no«

Pronouns formed with any and every are used to form true questions, while those with some generally imply a question to which we already know or suspect the answer.

Examples:

• Is there anything to eat?
• Did you go anywhere last night?
• Is everyone here?
• Have you looked everywhere?

These questions can be turned in to false or rhetorical questions by making them negative. The speaker, when posing a question of this type, is expecting an answer of «no«.

Examples:

• Isn’t there anything to eat?
• Didn’t you go anywhere last night?
• Isn’t everyone here?
• Haven’t you looked everywhere?

Some and pronouns formed with it is only used in questions to which we think we already know the answer, or questions which are not true questions (invitations, requests, etc.) The person asking these questions is expecting an answer of «yes«.

Examples:

• Are you looking for someone?
• Have you lost something?
• Are you going somewhere?
• Could somebody help me, please? = Request
• Would you like to go somewhere this weekend? = Invitation

These questions can be made even more definite if they are made negative. In this case, the speaker is absolutely certain he will receive the answer «yes«.

Examples:

• Aren’t you looking for someone?
• Haven’t you lost something?
• Aren’t you going somewhere?
• Couldn’t somebody help me, please?
• Wouldn’t you like to go somewhere this weekend?

For more on indefinite pronouns check the following:

Pronombres recíprocos

Pronombres recíprocos / Reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another

We use reciprocal pronouns when each of two or more subjects is acting in the same way towards the other. For example, A is talking to B, and B is talking to A. So we say: and B are talking to each other.

The action is «reciprocated». John talks to Mary and Mary talks to John. I give you a present and you give me a present.

The dog bites the cat and the cat bites the dog

There are only two reciprocal pronouns, and they are both two words: each other / one another

To use these reciprocal pronouns, there must be two or more people, things or groups involved (so we cannot use reciprocal pronouns with I, you [singular], he / she / it) and they must be doing the same thing. Look at these examples:

• John and Mary love each other.
• Both teams played hard against each other.
• We gave each other gifts.
• They cannot see each other.
• The gangsters were fighting one another.

You probably noticed that each other is used in more examples above than one another. That’s because in general we use one another (which sounds a little formal) less often than we use each other. Also, some people say that we should use one another only for three or more people or things, but there is no real justification for this.

For more on reciprocal pronouns go to:

Conclusión

Remember!

To express preferences, you can use: like, love and hate.

We use indefinite pronouns to refer to people or things without saying exactly who or what they are. We use pronouns ending in -body or -one for people, and pronouns ending in -thing for things.

A reciprocal pronoun is used to indicate that two or more people are carrying out or have carried out an action of some type, with both receiving the benefits or consequences of that action simultaneously. Any time something is done or given in return, reciprocal pronouns are used. The same is true any time mutual action is expressed.

Fuentes de información

• Verb that express like and dislikes: like, enjoy, love, hate. Recuperado de https://avi.cuaed.unam.mx/repositorio/moodle/pluginfile.php/3641/mod_resource/content/5/contenido/index.html
• Indefinite pronouns. Recuperado de https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference/indefinite-pronouns
• Reciprocal pronouns. Recuperado de https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/reciprocal-pronouns/