Tradiciones culturales y eventos importantes
Introducción
Congratulations on your consistency and performance shown in the course! Welcome to our last class!!!
Para esta clase 8 vamos a cubrir los siguientes temas:
Tradiciones culturales y eventos importantes.
- Repaso de Preguntas WH con pasado: What, which, when, where, who, why, how.
- Could y Was/were able to.
- Pasado de posibilidad
- Preposiciones de tiempo
- Expresiones de tiempo pasado: Ago, the day before yesterday, yesterday, last, B.C, A.D.
- Expresiones de secuencia
- Días festivos
Como puedes percibir nos centraremos en el tiempo pasado. ¿Recuerdas el verbo “be” en pasado?
Exacto necesitamos “was” y “were”, el resto de los verbos se conjugan dependiendo de si son regulares o no… entonces los regulares solo se les agrega “-ed” mientras que cada verbo irregular debes de aprendértelo… y para negación y pregunta usaremos el auxiliar “did”.
Desarrollo del tema
Repaso de Preguntas WH/WH question words:
Remember wh questions? Complete the dialogues below using the words below.
How /What/ When/ Where/ Which/ Who /Whose/ Why.
- A: ____________do you like pizza? B: Because it’s delicious.
- A: ____________pen is this? B: I think it’s John’s pen.
- A: ____________did you get here? B: I took a cab.
- A: ____________of these apples do you prefer? B: I prefer the apple on the left.
- A: ____________ are you eating? B: I’m eating sushi.
- A: ____________ did you get here? B: I arrived 20 minutes ago.
- A: ____________are you talking to? B: I’m talking to my friend.
- A: ____________ are you? B: I’m home.
Possibility / Posibilidad:
Usamos can para hacer declaraciones generales sobre lo que es posible ahora.
She can run very fast. Ella puede correr muy rápido.
Si nos referimos a una posibilidad en tiempo pasado, usamos el verbo modal could.
They could call me. Ellos pudieron llamarme.
Si queremos decir que algo es imposible usamos los negativos cannot y can’t.
We can’t go to the party. No podemos ir a la fiesta.
Y si queremos decir que algo no fue posible en el pasado, usamos el negativo could not or couldn’t.
They tried, but they couldn’t see the movie. Intentaron, pero no pudieron ver la película.
Podemos usar «was/were able to» para describir eventos específicos en el pasado.
Examples:
He was able to ride a bike to work last week because it was sunny.
They were able to build lots of snowmen last winter because it snowed a lot.
Cuando usamos los verbos modales para indicar que algo es posible en el futuro, aunque no sea seguro, usamos los verbos might y may.
They might come later. Ellos pueden venir más tarde.
I may buy a car. Puede que compre un carro.
For more in CAN, COULD, BE ABLE TO review the following video:
Reflection: What are some things that you could do 10 years ago that you can’t do now?
Preposiciones de tiempo/ Time prepositions:
We use:
at for a PRECISE TIME
in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
on for DAYS and DATES
Let’s see if you can do the following exercises:
Prepositions of time
Since, for, ago, before, to, past, to, from, till, until, by, after, as soon as, by the time, once, until, while, when.
For more on time prepositions check:
Expresiones de tiempo pasado /Past expressions:
Ago, the day before yesterday, yesterday, last, B.C, A.D.
Check the following for further explanation:
Expresiones de secuencia/Sequence words: first, then, next, finally, before, after later.
Here are the steps to make a tasty sandwich.
Before everything you buy all the ingredients. Then you need to buy bread from the bakery. After that you can go to the market and buy sliced turkey. Then you can go to buy fresh lettuce and tomatoes. Later, you can take all of the ingredients home and prepare the sandwich.
For more on sequence words check:
Celebrations
A celebration is a joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event.
The words holiday or vacation have related meanings in different English-speaking countries and continents, but will usually refer to one of the following activities or events:
- A general leave of absence from a regular occupation for rest or recreation
- A specific trip or journey for the purposes of recreation / tourism
- Official or unofficial observances of religious/national/cultural/other significance, often accompanied by celebrations or festivities (public/religious holiday)
Official or unofficial observances of religious/national/cultural/other significance, often accompanied by celebrations or festivities (public/religious holiday)
So what is the difference between holiday, vacation and festival?
- Holiday is a contraction of holy and day, holidays originally represented special religious days. This word has evolved in general usage to mean any extra special day of rest (as opposed to regular days of rest such as the weekend).
- A festival is an event, usually staged by a local community, which centers on some unique aspect of that community. There are numerous types of festivals in the world. Though many have religious origins, others involve seasonal change or have some cultural significance.
- Vacation: In the United Kingdom the word «vacation» referred specifically to the long summer break. The French term is similar to the American English: «Les Vacances.» The term derives from the fact that, in the past, upper-class families would literally move to a summer home for part of the year, leaving their usual family home vacant for countrywide holidays.
- Sabbatical, gap year or career break: Longer breaks from a career or occupation also exist, such as a sabbatical, gap year or career break.
Types of holidays:
Holidays are either religious or secular: Most holidays are linked to faiths and religious. They are religious holidays. Secular or non religious holidays can be national (Independence Day) or international (Mother Day).
Días festivos/ Holidays-celebrations:
New Year’s Eve, New Year’s Day, Chinese New Year, Valentine´s Day, Easter, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, Ramadan, Mother’s day, Labor Day, Independence Day, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, Boxing Day, Christmas, Three Kings Eve, Thanksgiving Day, Halloween, Day of the Dead, Carnival, spring break, summer break, winter break, anniversary, birthday, celebration, commemoration.
Check the following video for this vocabulary pronunciation.
Conclusión
Recuerda que «Can» es «poder» en el tiempo presente, mientras que «could» es «poder» en el tiempo pasado. Pero «could» solo se usa para hablar de cosas que se podían durante un periodo de tiempo, pero ya no. «Could» también se usa para el modo condicional. «To be able to» es un sinónimo de «can» y «could» para el tiempo presente y el tiempo pasado, pero al hablar de cosas que se pudieron hacer en un momento específico del pasado, solo se usa «to be able to» y no «could».
Great job!!
We have finished the contents for English II. It has been a joy to share with you this formative journey. I hope that the course has met your expectations and that you are satisfied with the topics covered, as well as with your performance and commitment. Don’t forget to complete Consignas 15 and 16.
See you around.